Pancreas endocrino

PANCREAS  ENDOCRINO

Informaçao geral

Textos

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK30/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreas

https://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcb135e/pancreas.html

http://www.innerbody.com/image/endo03.html

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK30/

http://www.endocrineweb.com/endocrinology/overview-pancreas

Absorçao e transporte da glicose

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK30/

The family of glucose transporters (GLUTs 1–5)

GLICOSE TRANSPORTERS

Name	Tissue distribution	Important features
GLUT 1	Brain, erythrocytes, placenta, fetal tissue	Low Km* (~ 1 mM). Allows relatively constant uptake of glucose independent of the normal extracellular concentration (4–6 mM).
GLUT 2	Liver, kidney, intestine, pancreatic β-cell.	High Km (15–20 mM). Allows intracellular and extracellular glucose to equilibrate across membrane.
GLUT 3	Brain	Low Km (<1 mM) compared with GLUT2. Allows preferential uptake in hypoglycemia.
GLUT 4	Muscle and adipose tissue	Medium Km (2.5–5 mM). Insulin recruits transporters from intracellular stores increasing glucose uptake.
GLUT 5	Jejunum	Medium Km (~ 6 mM). Responsible for fructose uptak

                   

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin

http://diabetesmanager.pbworks.com/w/page/17680220/Insulin%20signaling%20and%20action%3A%20glucose%2C%20lipids%2C%20protein

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose_transporter

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2822486/

http://www.medbio.info/horn/time%203-4/glucose_transport_proteins.htm

Anatomia do pancreas endocrino

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/pancreas/anatomy.html

http://www.pancreapedia.org/reviews/anatomy-and-histology-of-pancreas

http://philschatz.com/anatomy-book/contents/m46685.html

Glucagina - fisiologia

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/pancreas/glucagon.html

http://diabetesmanager.pbworks.com/w/page/17680200/Glucagon%20Physiology

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucagon

http://www.glucagon.com/glucagon.html

http://www.glucagon.com/

Ilheus de Langerhans

http://www.medhelp.org/tags/show/123401/Islets-of-Langerhans

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islets_of_Langerhans

http://www.diabetesresearch.org/islet-cells

Islets are clusters of cells scattered throughout the pancreas, which include cells that sense sugar in the blood.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_cell

Insulina

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/pancreas/insulin.html

http://diabetesmanager.pbworks.com/w/page/17680216/Insulin%20Biosynthesis%2C%20Secretion%2C%20Structure%2C%20and%20Structure-Activity%20Relationships

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/pancreas/insulin_phys.html

~

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin

http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/type-1-diabetes/what-insulin

http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Insulin.aspx

Insulina – receptores

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_receptor

Effect of insulin on glucose uptake and metabolism. Insulin binds to its receptor (1), which, in turn, starts many protein activation cascades (2). These include: translocation of Glut-4 transporter to the plasma membrane and influx of glucose (3), glycogen synthesis (4), glycolysis (5), and fatty acid synthesis (6).

http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/INSR

http://www.cogsci.ucsd.edu/~mboyle/COGS163/pdf-files/W2-AR-The%20insulin%20receptor%20structure,%20function%20and%20signaling.pdf

Somatoestatina

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/otherendo/somatostatin.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatostatin

http://www.yourhormones.info/hormones/somatostatin.aspx

Informaçao especializada

Carcinoide do pancreas

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1807-59322006000200015&script=sci_arttext

Diabetes

http://webpatologia.blogspot.pt/2014/06/diabetes.html

Glucaginoma

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000326.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucagonoma

http://eje-online.org/content/151/5/531.full.pdf+html

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/118899-overview

http://www.healthline.com/health/glucagonoma#Overview1

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000326.htm

http://endocrinediseases.org/neuroendocrine/glucagonoma.shtml

http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancers-in-general/cancer-questions/glucagonomas

http://dermnetnz.org/systemic/necrolytic-erythema.html

http://www.yourhormones.info/endocrine_conditions/glucagonoma.aspx

http://www.uptodate.com/contents/glucagonoma-and-the-glucagonoma-syndrome

Hiperinsulinismo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperinsulinism

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/921258-overview

Hiperrinsulinismo congenito

http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/congenital-hyperinsulinism

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/923538-overview

http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/medical-information/search-medical-conditions/hyperinsulinism

http://congenitalhi.org/congenital-hyperinsulinism/~

http://www.ojrd.com/content/pdf/1750-1172-6-63.pdf

Hiperproinsulinemia

http://www.omim.org/entry/616214

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC383713/

http://www.jci.org/articles/view/118435/version/1/pdf/render

http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/155/9/834.full

 Hipoglicemia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoglycemia

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/Diabetes/hypoglycemia/Pages/index.aspx

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hypoglycemia.html

http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/diabetes-hypoglycemia

http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/blood-glucose-control/hypoglycemia-low-blood.html

http://www.medicinenet.com/hypoglycemia/article.htm

http://www.healthline.com/health/hypoglycemia#Overview1

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypoglycemia/basics/definition/con-20021103

http://www.hormone.org/questions-and-answers/2013/nondiabetic-hypoglycemia

http://www.medicinenet.com/hypoglycemia/article.htm

Hipoglicemia cetosica

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketotic_hypoglycemia

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/921936-overview

https://pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu/page/hypoglycemia

http://www.drugs.com/cg/non-diabetic-hypoglycemia-in-childhood.html

http://epmonthly.com/article/practical-peds-handling-the-hypoglycemic-child/

http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jc.2007-0661

http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/127/4/e1021.full

http://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Hypoglycaemia_Guideline/

Hipoglicemia espontanea

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2642249/

http://www.slideshare.net/openmichigan/030609a-kumagaispontaneous-hypoglycemia

http://www.uptodate.com/contents/hypoglycemia-in-adults-without-diabetes-mellitus-diagnostic-approach

Hipoglicemia reactiva

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_postprandial_syndrome

http://www.hormone.org/questions-and-answers/2013/nondiabetic-hypoglycemia

http://www.marksdailyapple.com/forum/thread105587.html

http://livinlavidalowcarb.com/blog/dealing-with-possible-reactive-hypoglycemia-one-month-later/2420

http://www.ketotic.org/2012/07/ketogenic-diets-and-stress-part-i.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactive_hypoglycemia

http://www.uptodate.com/contents/postprandial-reactive-hypoglycemia

http://www.diabetes.co.uk/reactive-hypoglycemia.html

http://www.reactivehypoglycemia.info/

http://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthyeating/reactive-hypoglycemia.html

http://www.uwhealth.org/healthfacts/nutrition/396.pdf

Hipoglicemia do stress

http://www.calmclinic.com/anxiety/causes/anxiety-hypoglycemia

http://blogs.psychcentral.com/panic/2014/02/low-blood-sugar-and-panic-attacks-how-are-they-related/

http://drlwilson.com/articles/HYPOGLYCEMIA.htm

http://www.diabetes.co.uk/stress-and-blood-glucose-levels.html

http://www.drsusanbobak.com/healtharticles/hypoglycemia-sugar-handling-stress

http://www.reactivehypoglycemia.info/2009/05/reactive-hypoglycemia-causes/

Insulinoma

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulinoma

http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=708897

http://www.ferretcentral.org/faq/med/insulin.html

http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/i/insulinoma/intro.htm

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/283039-overview

http://diabetesmanager.pbworks.com/w/page/17680224/Insulinoma%20and%20other%20Hypoglycemias

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000387.htm

http://endocrinediseases.org/neuroendocrine/insulinoma.shtml

http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancers-in-general/cancer-questions/insulinomas

http://www.healthline.com/health/insulinoma#Overview1

http://www.surgery.usc.edu/divisions/tumor/pancreasdiseases/web%20pages/Endocrine%20tumors/pancreatic%20tumors/insulinoma.html

http://www.yourhormones.info/endocrine_conditions/insulinoma.aspx

Insulino resistencia

http://www.medicinenet.com/insulin_resistance/article.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_resistance

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/122501-overview

http://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes/insulin-resistance-symptoms#Overview1

Nesidioblastose

Ver Hiperinsulinismo congenito

Ppomas

http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=en&Expert=97278

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1385/IJGC%3A32%3A2-3%3A153#page-1

Somastatinomas

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatostatinoma

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/182841-overview

http://endocrinediseases.org/neuroendocrine/somatostatinoma.shtml

http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancers-in-general/cancer-questions/somatostatinomas

http://www.uptodate.com/contents/somatostatinoma-clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-management

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2801086/

http://www.yourhormones.info/endocrine_conditions/somatostatinoma.aspx

http://pathologyoutlines.com/topic/pancreassomatostatin.html

Tumores pancreaticos neuroendocrinos

https://www.pancan.org/section-facing-pancreatic-cancer/learn-about-pan-cancer/types-of-pancreatic-cancer/endocrine-pancreatic-neuroendocrine-tumors/

http://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreatic/patient/pnet-treatment-pdq

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6889/

http://www.caringforcarcinoid.org/blogs/lauren/pancreatic-neuroendocrine-cancer-vs-pancreatic-cancer